Fail Safe vs. Fail Secure

In the event of a power failure or an emergency alarm, electronic access control hardware can operate in one of two modes:

• Fail Safe (FS)
• Fail Secure (FSE)

What's the difference between these modes of operation? Fail Safe means the hardware device becomes unlocked in the event of a power failure or an emergency alarm event. Fail Secure means the hardware device will remain or become locked when the power fails or an emergency alarm is activated. The modes are opposites.

Different pieces of hardware perform either way depending on what function is needed:

• Electrified Locksets – can be either fail safe or fail secure.
• Electrified Exit Devices – can be either fail safe or fail secure.
• Electric Strikes – can be either fail safe or fail secure.
• Magnetic Locks – can only be fail safe.

When specifying door hardware, I typically default to fail secure. However, if life safety or egress will be compromised in an emergency, fail safe becomes necessary. Each opening must be carefully analyzed in its security and safety contexts to determine the best option. It's important to consult the life safety plans, low voltage / access control plans, and understand local building codes and standards as part of this analysis.

This area can get confusing with so many aspects to consider. If you find yourself unsure, contact the Pamex Architectural Services team and Access Control Specialists for assistance at specifications@pamexinc.com.

Rick Nemec, DHT,DHC,FDAI,QFDI